{"id":29965,"date":"2025-06-18T11:20:04","date_gmt":"2025-06-18T03:20:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.odychina.com\/yangguan-and-yumenguan-guardians-of-ancient-chinas-western-frontier.html"},"modified":"2025-12-02T21:19:18","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T13:19:18","slug":"yangguan-and-yumenguan-guardians-of-ancient-chinas-western-frontier","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.odychina.com\/vi\/yangguan-and-yumenguan-guardians-of-ancient-chinas-western-frontier.html","title":{"rendered":"Yangguan v\u00e0 Yumenguan: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ph\u00eda t\u00e2y c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dd ngh\u0129a L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 V\u0103n h\u00f3a: <\/span><\/span>
D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc M\u00f4n Quan l\u00e0 hai ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m d\u1ecdc theo Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a tr\u00ean sa m\u1ea1c Gobi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch n\u00e0y mang t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1m qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. Di s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi th\u01a1 ca v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a d\u00e2n gian Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong b\u00e0i th\u01a1 th\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng “V\u01b0\u1ee3t D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ea1n c\u0169”, kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 chia tay c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00e2m Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “C\u1ed5ng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi”, theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ed \u1ea9n, bao la \u1edf ph\u00eda xa. Ng\u1ecdc M\u00f4n Quan, hay “C\u1ed5ng Ng\u1ecdc”, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 l\u1ed1i \u0111i ph\u00eda b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a. C\u00f9ng nhau, hai \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng xuy\u00ean \u00c1-\u00c2u, \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u1eefa \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. <\/span><\/span>
C\u1ea3nh quan h\u00f9ng v\u0129 xung quanh D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc M\u00f4n Quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi sa m\u1ea1c Gobi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, n\u01a1i v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p hoang s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi t\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n t\u1ed1t, bao g\u1ed3m t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh, c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00e1p canh, g\u1ee3i nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh sa m\u1ea1c g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y t\u1eebng l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m s\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t tr\u00ean Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed g\u1ee3i c\u1ea3m x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m x\u00fac m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Trung Hoa c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam chuy\u1ebfn tham quan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi ca \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m n\u00ean b\u1ea5t t\u1eed cho n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i Ng\u1ecdc M\u00f4n Quan, trung t\u00e2m du kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e8o. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ebft m\u1ea1ch giao th\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Du kh\u00e1ch <\/span><\/span>
Kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc M\u00f4n Quan mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u1eefa kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean. T\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch, du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tour tham quan c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed s\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e8o. Du kh\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i trong khung c\u1ea3nh sa m\u1ea1c xung quanh, v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bs\u1ef1 bao la c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, t\u1ea1o th\u00eam chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u cho chuy\u1ebfn tham quan. V\u1ebb uy nghi\u00eam t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n sa m\u1ea1c n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e1ng nh\u1edb kh\u00e1c, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ef1 xa x\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3n c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn: <\/span><\/span>
S\u1ee9c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc M\u00f4n Quan n\u1eb1m \u1edf m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p hoang s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a sa m\u1ea1c bao quanh. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0n t\u00edch; ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi s\u1eed thi Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111am m\u00ea l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n l\u1eef h\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111i qua v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, hy v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 binh l\u00ednh mang l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 Trung Hoa. Di s\u1ea3n th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a du kh\u00e1ch: <\/span><\/span>
Du kh\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chuy\u1ebfn th\u0103m D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc M\u00f4n Quan nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0o l\u1ecbch s\u1eed bi\u00ean c\u01b0\u01a1ng Trung Hoa. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau th\u00edch s\u1ef1 y\u00ean b\u00ecnh, t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a khung c\u1ea3nh sa m\u1ea1c, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khen ng\u1ee3i v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u00e0n tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n gi\u00e0u th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, gi\u00fap l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Du kh\u00e1ch s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng x\u00fac c\u1ea3m d\u1ea1t d\u00e0o khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, n\u01a1i Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a t\u1eebng m\u1edf ra nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng giao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3nh quan thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n h\u1ecdc khi\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f3 qu\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D\u01b0\u01a1ng Quan v\u00e0 Ng\u1ecdc M\u00f4n Quan v\u1eabn l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho s\u1ef1 c\u1edfi m\u1edf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh n\u00ean th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a. S\u1ef1 h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh quan mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i m\u00e3i sau khi chuy\u1ebfn tham quan k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n